In this article, we will explore how an electronic controller functions in refrigeration equipment, the step-by-step installation process, and the benefits it brings to system operation.
What is an Electronic Controller?
An electronic controller automates a refrigeration system, managing the activation and deactivation of the compressor, evaporator and condenser fans, and defrost resistance.
Basic Operation
Temperature Sensors
The system employs two sensors:
- Load Sensor: Detects the temperature of the refrigerated products or environment.
- Freeze Sensor: Monitors the evaporator’s temperature and detects frost formation.
Internal Electronic Switches
The controller includes switches that regulate current flow to the compressor, fans, and defrost resistance.
Cooling Cycle
- When the sensor detects a temperature above the desired setpoint, the controller activates the compressor and fans.
- Once the programmed temperature is reached, the compressor stops, but the fans remain active to balance the system.
Defrost Cycle
- If excessive frost is detected or the programmed defrost time is reached, the controller activates the defrost resistance.
- After the defrost process, the resistance is deactivated, and the compressor and fans resume operation.
Steps to Install an Electronic Controller (Example: Full Gauge TC-900E)
- Prepare the Panel
- Make a 71 x 29 mm cutout in the panel or cabinet where the controller will be installed.
- Insert the controller, securing it with side clips, and ensure the rubber seal is properly fitted to prevent leaks.
- Connect Electrical Power
Depending on the controller model:- 115V: Use pins 9 (neutral) and 10 (line). Also, supply terminals 12 and 16.
- 230V: Use pins 9 (neutral) and 11 (line). Similarly, supply terminals 12 and 16.
- 12V or 24V: Configure the pins and terminals according to the device’s specifications and available voltage.
- Connect Sensors
- Sensor S1 (Ambient): Connect to terminals 1 and 2. This sensor monitors the controlled space temperature.
- Sensor S2 (Evaporator): Connect to terminals TR and CU, securing it to the evaporator with a metal clamp.
- Optional Sensor: If a third sensor or digital input is available, connect it to terminals 5 and 6.
- Connect Loads
- Compressor: Connect to terminal 15 for the main power supply.
- Defrost Resistance: Connect to terminal 14 for the first supply.
- Fans: Connect to terminal 17 for power.
- Configure and Power Up the Controller
- Program the parameters according to application requirements.
- Turn on the controller and verify its operation through performance tests.
Benefits of Automation with Electronic Controllers
- Precision: Maintains optimal temperatures consistently.
- Energy Efficiency: Reduces electricity consumption by controlling the operational time of each component.
- System Protection: Prevents damage from overload or frost accumulation.
- Ease of Use: Allows customized adjustments according to user needs.
With the Full Gauge TC-900E, refrigeration systems can achieve greater reliability, efficiency, and convenience in operation.