In this article, we will explain the function of the reactor, an essential component in the electronic boards of inverter air conditioners. Below, we describe its operation step by step:
1. AC Rectification
Alternating current (AC), which flows in two directions, comes from the external electrical grid with a voltage of 220 V. However, the electronic board of the air conditioner operates with direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
To convert alternating current into direct current, a rectifier bridge is used to organize the current flow through rectifying diodes.
2. Function of the Rectifier Bridge
The diodes in the rectifier bridge allow current to flow in a single direction.
Thanks to this configuration, the current output of the rectifier bridge has a direct current voltage of approximately 300 V.
3. Power Factor Correction (PFC) Circuit
Once rectified, the direct current passes to the PFC circuit, whose purpose is to optimize electricity usage and improve the efficiency of the equipment. The circuit performs the following functions:
a. Constant Electrical Flow
The PFC circuit regulates electricity to flow smoothly and consistently, avoiding sudden peaks or drops, ensuring efficient operation of the air conditioner.
b. Main Components
The PFC circuit consists of a reactor, an IGBT transistor, a recovery diode, and stabilization capacitors.
The IGBT transistor switches on and off rapidly under the control of the electronic controller.
c. Function of the Reactor
- The reactor stores energy in its magnetic field as current flows through it when the IGBT transistor is active.
- The electronic controller decides when the reactor has accumulated sufficient energy and deactivates the IGBT to suspend the current flow.
d. Energy Release
When the IGBT transistor turns off, the reactor releases the stored energy, maintaining a constant and stable current flow required by the system.
4. Reactor Diagnostics
Testing or diagnosing the reactor’s condition is straightforward:
- Disconnect the reactor from its power supply.
- Use a multimeter set to the ohms scale to measure continuity. This allows you to determine if the component is in good working condition.
5. Power Supply for the Inverter Compressor
The stable current generated by the PFC circuit is sent to the Intelligent Power Module (IPM).
This module, controlled by the main controller, powers the three coils of the inverter compressor motor, ensuring precise and efficient operation of the equipment.
