This article focuses on the Intelligent Power Module (IPM) integrated into an electronic board designed for an inverter-type air conditioner. This module receives single-phase alternating current (AC) from the external power grid and, using a diode bridge, converts it into direct current (DC). The Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit then regulates the voltage of the DC current.
Differences Between Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)
AC flows in two directions, whereas DC flows in only one direction. In this system, the regulated DC current is fed into the intelligent power module, where it is converted into three-phase AC. This conversion allows precise adjustments in frequency and voltage to meet the compressor’s operational requirements.
Three-Phase Current and How It Works
Three-phase current uses three wires to power the motor, providing superior performance in HVAC systems. To generate this current, DC is distributed into three alternating forms in opposite directions using six IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) arranged in pairs. These transistors control the flow direction through the compressor motor coils.
Strategies for Generating the First Current Direction
- Coil 1:
- Transistor 1 is activated to allow current flow into coil 1.
- Simultaneously, Transistor 6 is activated to ensure proper current flow.
- Coil 2:
- Transistor 1 is activated alongside Transistor 2, allowing current to flow into coil 2 and exit through coil 3.
- Coil 3:
- Transistor 3 is activated to direct current into coil 2.
- Transistor 2 is activated to allow current to flow toward coil 3.
Strategies for Generating the Second Current Direction
- Coil 2:
- Transistor 3 is activated to direct current into coil 2.
- At the same time, Transistor 4 is activated to let the current exit through coil 1.
- Coil 3:
- Transistor 5 is activated to direct current into coil 3.
- Simultaneously, Transistor 4 is activated to let the current exit through coil 1.
- Coil 1:
- Transistor 5 is activated to direct current into coil 3.
- Transistor 6 is activated to allow current to exit through coil 2.
Through these strategies, a three-line current flow is created in both directions, generating efficient three-phase alternating current suitable for powering the compressor.
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